Flexible molecules

Modelling of internal degrees of freedom, usual techniques:

Bond distances

• Atoms linked by a chemical bond (stretching):

Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle V_{str}(r_{12})={\frac {1}{2}}K_{str}(r_{12}-b_{0})^{2}}